Three-phase induction motors are widely used because of their inherent simplicity, relatively low cost, and virtually maintenance free operation. These motors, however, are far from ideal during starting. Depending on construction, motors typically require at least 5 to 6 times their full load current during acceleration to full speed.
When starting across-the-line (or with reduced-voltage starters) approximately half of the line current is used to overcome losses and accelerate the rotor. This portion represents the energy required to start the load, and must be supplied by the line.