Stray voltage or neutral-to-earth (NE) voltages are an ongoing problem in many areas supplied from single-phase multi-grounded services where current levels in the grounding systems raised (NE) voltages above the perception threshold for either animals or humans. Typical locations are dairy farms, feeder and confinement operations, swimming pools, water systems, residences, fountains, etc.
Stray voltages (NE) can come from many sources, both on and off the site. In most cases, the problems are the result of several sources simultaneous combined.